An Examination of Bangladesh’s Current Situation with Regard to Non- Performing Loans (NPLs) and Its Effect on the Banking Sector

The purpose of this article is to investigate the extent of non-performing loans (also known as "NPLs") in Bangladesh's banking sector. Non-performing loans (NPLs) with systemic levels require a complex and expensive resolution process. In structurally weak financial systems, bank NPL issues typically appear following credit booms or extended periods of slow growth. New lending is stifled by NPLs, which harms banks' capacity to make money and stay solvent. The financial system ceases to operate regularly when high NPL levels affect a sufficient number of banks, and banks are unable to continue lending to the economy. Market dysfunction and bank coordination issues may prevent a quick recovery. Authorities typically intervene in such situations to take control of the crisis response. They can use a range of resolution tools for this purpose, but they normally demand a lot of resources and take some time to produce results. Non-performing loans are one of the primary issues that commercial banks are currently dealing with. What exactly is a non-performing loan? Financial assets known as nonperforming loans (or "NPLs") are those from which banks no longer receive interest or installment payments on time. Since the loan no longer "performs," or brings in money for the bank, it is known as non-performing (Choudhury at al .2002). Keywords:Non-Performing Loans (NPLs), Commercial Bank, Financial System, Loan Recovery Measures, Bangladesh. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-22-01 Publication date: November 30th 2022

The role of the initial modality in the investigation of thyroid lesions

Background: Partial or complete thyroidectomies are frequently encountered via the working towards pathologist and the opportunity of neoplastic disease is of principal problem in patients with thyroid nodules. Pathological comparison of these specimens ranged from non-neoplastic lesion to exceedingly aggressive malignancy. The aim of this study is to assess the role of the initial modality in the investigation of thyroid lesions. Methods: This is an observational study. The study used to be carried out in the admitted patient’s department of histopathology, National institute of ear, nose and throat, Dhaka. Bangladesh. In Bangladesh for the duration of the period from June 2021 to May 2022. Results: This study shows that according to 301 patients where, most of the patients in initial modality in the investigation of thyroid lesions 95 (31.56%) were 40 to 49 years and the minimum sex distribution of study 105 (34.88%) belongs to males. Non-neoplastic of goiter were 194 (64.45%), benign cyst was 43 (14.29%), DeQuervains (Subacute) thyroiditis 11 (3.65%), Lymphocytic thyroiditis were 8 (2.65%) and hashimoto thyroiditis were 3 (1.0%). And acfemalesg to neoplastic of papillary carcinoma were 30 (9.97%), Follicular neoplasm were 9 (2.99%) and Anaplastic carcinoma were 3 (1.0%). Conclusions: Thyroid lesions are more common in female. The majority of the thyroid nodules are either non-neoplastic or benign neoplasm. Thyroid lesions present a dependable analysis and is an incredible first line technique for investigating the nature of lesion

Evaluating annual maximum and partial duration series for estimating frequency of small magnitude floods

Understanding the nature of frequent floods is important for characterising channel morphology, riparian and aquatic habitat, and informing river restoration efforts. This paper presents results from an analysis on frequency estimates of low magnitude floods using the annual maximum and partial series data compared to actual flood series. Five frequency distribution models were fitted to data from 24 gauging stations in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon catchments in north-eastern Australia. Based on the goodness of fit test, Generalised Extreme Value, Generalised Pareto and Log Pearson Type 3 models were used to estimate flood frequencies across the study region. Results suggest frequency estimates based on a partial series are better, compared to an annual series, for small to medium floods, while both methods produce similar results for large floods. Although both methods converge at a higher recurrence interval, the convergence recurrence interval varies between catchments. Results also suggest frequency estimates vary slightly between two or morepartial series, depending on flood threshold, and the differences are large for the catchments that experience less frequent floods. While a partial series produces better frequency estimates, it can underestimate or overestimate the frequency if the flood threshold differs largely compared to bankfull discharge. These results have significant implications in calculating the dependency of floodplain ecosystems on the frequency of flooding and their subsequent management

Modeling on population growth and its adaptation: A comparative analysis between Bangladesh and India

The biggest challenge in the world is population growth and determining how society and the state adapt to it as it directly affects the fundamental human rights such as food, clothing, housing, education, medical care, etc. The population estimates of any country play an important role in making the right decision about socio-economic and population development projects. Unpredictable population growth can be a curse. The purpose of this research article is to compare the accuracy process and proximity of three mathematical model such as Malthusian or exponential growth model, Logistic growth model and Least Square model to make predictions about the population growth of Bangladesh and India at the end of 21st century. Based on the results, it has been observed that the population is expected to be 429.32(in million) in Bangladesh and 3768.53 (in million) in India by exponential model, 211.70(in million) in Bangladesh and 1712.94(in million) in India by logistic model and 309.28 (in million) in Bangladesh and 2686.30 (in million) in India by least square method at the end of 2100. It was found that the projection data from 2000 to 2020 using the Logistic Growth Model was very close to the actual data. From that point of view, it can be predicted that the population will be 212 million in Bangladesh and 1713 million in India at the end of the 21st century. Although transgender people are recognized as the third sex but their accurate statistics data is not available. The work also provides a comparative scenario of how the state has adapted to the growing population in the past and how they will adapt in the future

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Bangladesh: do eating habits and physical activity have a gender differential effect?

The aim of the study is to examine the gender differential outcomes of food habits and physical activities on obesity among school-aged adolescents in Bangladesh. In this study, a nationally representative data extracted from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) 2014 was utilized. The information related to physical and mental health was collected from 2989 school-aged adolescents in Bangladesh. To fulfill the aim, an exploratory data analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were employed in this study. The female adolescents’ were at lower risk of overweight/obesity (AOR = 0.573) with a prevalence of 7.4% than males (9.9%) in Bangladesh. The results showed that high consumption of vegetables (both: AOR = 0.454; males: AOR = 0.504; and females: AOR = 0.432), high soft drink consumption (both: AOR=2.357; males: AOR = 2.929; and females: AOR = 1.677), high fast food eating (both: AOR = 2.777; males: AOR = 6.064; and females: AOR = 1.695), sleep disturbance (both: AOR = 0.675; males: AOR = 0.590; and females: AOR = 0.555), and regular walk or bike to school (both: AOR = 0.472; males: AOR = 0.430; and females: AOR = 0.557) was the vital influencing factors of overweight/obesity among adolescents of both sexes in Bangladesh. Besides, fruit eating, vigorous physical activity, physical education attendance, sitting activities were also identified as significant predictors of overweight and obesity for males in Bangladesh. The high practice of fruit and vegetable consumption regularly, avoiding soft drinks and fast food, increasing the vigorous intensity of physical activity, regular attendance in physical education and abating higher sitting activity in leisure time can reduce the risk of overweight/obesity among adolescents of both sexes in Bangladesh

AN ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF THE PADMA RIVER BANK FAILURE AND EROSION, 2018: A CASE STUDY OF NARIA BANK SECTION, BANGLADESH

The Naria town of Bangladesh is developed on the right bank of the Padma River. The bank is an old natural levee of Meghna River. The Holocene-Recent geology of Naria is actively dominated by the fluvial processes of Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River system where the deltaic sediments are characterized as unconsolidated fine sand and silt, covered by thin veneer of clayey silt and loam. The annual volume of water discharge and flow dynamics are dependent on the intensity of the rainfall, runoff and the length of dry winter. Excessive river bank erosion, channel avulsion, renewed submergence of floodplains, and formation of natural levees and channel-bars are due to natural geomorphological processes that impact the area by inevitable ground failures. The geological attributes of ground condition and drastic variations in water levels make the area extremely vulnerable to severe bank failures and erosion. A unique erosion phenomenon prevailing in this part of Bengal delta prompted this study. During Aug-Sept, 2018 a sudden complex attenuation of current, wave and vortex in the Padma water flow caused an extraordinary disaster and made more than 5000 people homeless overnight by devouring away houses including concrete buildings, factories and markets. It is observed that geologically the Padma River remained confined within a width of 5 miles striking NW-SE trend following the margins of older alluvium and Faridpur Trough. The river tends to a meandering pattern consisting of deep vertical trenches along the Naria curvature. The deep trenches form along right bank and render the ground increasingly more vulnerable to subaqueous slope failure due to presence of thick (~200 ft.) alternating cross-bedded silt and micaceous fine sand of very high dilatancy and low angle of friction. The present study identifies some application of technological advancement for developing real-time engineering geological mapping systems for monitoring and managing complex river bank erosion. Large scale 3D engineering geological map coupled with air-borne photogrammetric and radar inferrometry methods can be applied for real-time monitoring and prediction of differential settlements, subaqueous failures and ground movement. The point cloud maps developed using data from these systems can refine engineering geological maps for decision makers and improve the design of protective measure and sustainable engineering structures

Perceptions about Telemedicine among Populations with Chronic Diseases amid COVID-19: Data from a Cross-Sectional Survey

Chronic diseases, including non-communicable diseases (NCDs), have arisen as a severe threat to health and socio-economic growth. Telemedicine can provide both the highest level of patient satisfaction and the lowest risk of infection during a pandemic. The factors associated with its usage and patient adherence are not visible in Bangladesh's resource-constrained settings. Therefore, this study aimed to identify perceptions about telemedicine among populations with chronic diseases amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A closed-ended self-reported questionnaire was created, and the questionnaire was written, reviewed, and finalized by a public health investigator, a psychiatrist, and an epidemiologist. The data for this study were collected from individuals using simple random sampling and snowball sampling techniques. Ethics approval was granted, and written/verbal consent was taken before interviews. Most of the participants showed a positive attitude towards telemedicine. People aged 35-54 years old and a higher level of education were less frequently associated with willingness to receive telemedicine services for current chronic disease (WRTCCD) than their counterparts. People living in urban areas and lower-income participants were more strongly associated with WRTCCD. Additionally, people who did not lose their earnings due to the pandemic were less strongly associated with WRTCCD. However, the main strength of this research is that it is a broad exploration of patient interest in several general forms of telehealth. In Bangladesh, there are many opportunities for telemedicine to be integrated into the existing healthcare system, if appropriate training and education are provided for healthcare professionals